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		計(jì)量的質(zhì)量控制參考材料示范測(cè)量系統(tǒng)中的特定

Reference materials (RMs) are widely used in measurement laboratories for a variety of purposes and it is important to recognize that the material most appropriate for a particular application should be used. Certified reference materials (CRMs), i.e. those which have property values and associated uncertainties assigned by metrologically valid procedures are primarily used for method validation and calibrations providing metrological traceability.

The preparation of reference materials for metrological quality control (i.e. control of the quality of measurements not products) is an important activity which provides materials suitable for the day-today demonstration that a particular (part of a) measurement system is under statistical control. Such materials do not require characterization by metrologically valid procedures, and can be prepared “inhouse”,i.e. by laboratory staff familiar with their behaviour, to fulfil specific quality control requirements.

Reference materials which are sufficiently homogeneous and stable are necessary for metrological quality control purposes, such as demonstrating a measurement system is under statistical control, performs as expected and provides reliable results; where the trueness of the measurement result is not critical. Different industries use various terminologies to describe such materials (e.g. in-house reference materials, quality control materials, check samples, etc.). For the purposes of this Guide, the term “Quality Control Materials” (QCMs) will be used to simplify repeated citation. While CRMs are produced by established reference material producers and are commercially available,

QCMs are often prepared by a laboratory for its own internal use. Frequently, QCMs are characterized only for a limited scope (a limited number of property values) and for specific laboratory applications.

The rationale for preparing quality control materials can be one or a combination of the following factors:

— to have an RM representing as closely as possible routine samples, suitable for quality control;

— to have a suitable day-to-day RM to complement a commercially available CRM;

— no suitable CRM exists;

— the application does not require a material having the full characteristics of a CRM (e.g. traceability and uncertainty for specified property values).

QCMs are RMs and as such the requirements of ISO Guide 34[1] for the production of RMs apply. However, if the material is only used in-house by the preparing laboratory, some requirements (e.g. for transport stability) can be relaxed. The preparation of a QCM is related to that of a CRM and those preparing QCMs may wish to consult ISO Guides 34[1] and 35[2] for further guidance. Where appropriate, this Guide will refer to relevant parts of these Guides.

It is recognized that the aim of many laboratories requiring QCMs is to minimize the time and effort needed to prepare the materials. To this end, many laboratories use samples of real products for which there is a body of analytical data available. A number of case studies are included as annexes of this guidance document to provide examples of how such data may be processed to confirm fitness for purpose of the materials.
翻譯：只作為參考

　　參考材料（RMS）被廣泛用于測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)室用于各種目的，并認(rèn)識(shí)到，最適合于特定應(yīng)用的材料，應(yīng)使用是很重要的。認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)（CRM），即那些具有財(cái)產(chǎn)價(jià)值和計(jì)量學(xué)的有效方法主要用于方法驗(yàn)證和校準(zhǔn)提供計(jì)量溯源性分配相關(guān)的不確定性。

　　用于計(jì)量的質(zhì)量控制參考材料的制備（即控制測(cè)量的質(zhì)量而不是產(chǎn)品的）是重要的活動(dòng)，它提供適合于日常的示范該測(cè)量系統(tǒng)中的特定（部分）是根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)控制材料。這樣的材料不要求表征計(jì)量學(xué)有效的程序，并且可以制備“點(diǎn)播”，即通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作人員熟悉自己的行為，以滿足特定的質(zhì)量控制要求。

　　參考材料具有充分均勻和穩(wěn)定是必要的計(jì)量質(zhì)量控制的目的，如展示的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)處于統(tǒng)計(jì)控制，按預(yù)期執(zhí)行，并提供了可靠的結(jié)果;哪里的測(cè)定結(jié)果的正確度不是關(guān)鍵的。不同行業(yè)使用各種術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)描述這些材料（例如，在內(nèi)部參考材料，質(zhì)量控制材料，檢查樣品等）。對(duì)于本指南的目的，術(shù)語(yǔ)“質(zhì)控品”（QCMS）將被用于簡(jiǎn)化反復(fù)引用。而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)是通過建立的參考材料生產(chǎn)商生產(chǎn)的并且是可商購(gòu)的，

　　QCMS往往是由一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室供自己內(nèi)部使用準(zhǔn)備。頻繁，QCMS的特征在于只在有限的范圍內(nèi)（屬性值的有限數(shù)目），并為特定的實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)用。

　　制備質(zhì)控品的理由可以是一種或下列因素的組合：

　　 - 有代表盡可能接近常規(guī)樣品，適用于質(zhì)量控制的RM;

　　 - 有一個(gè)合適的一天到一天的RM來(lái)補(bǔ)充市售的CRM;

　　 - 沒有合適的CRM存在;

　　 - 應(yīng)用程序不需要有（對(duì)指定的屬性值如可追蹤性和不確定性），客戶關(guān)系管理的頗具特色的材料。

　　QCMS是客戶經(jīng)理，并作為ISO指南34這樣的要求[1]生產(chǎn)RM的應(yīng)用。但是，如果該材料是由制備實(shí)驗(yàn)室僅用于在內(nèi)部，一些要求（例如運(yùn)輸穩(wěn)定性）可以放寬。一個(gè)QCM的制備與一個(gè)CRM和那些準(zhǔn)備QCMS不妨咨詢ISO指南34 [1] 35 [2]為進(jìn)一步的指導(dǎo)。在適當(dāng)情況下，本指南將參考這些指南的有關(guān)部分。

　　人們認(rèn)識(shí)到，許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室需要QCMS的目的是最大限度地減少需要準(zhǔn)備的材料的時(shí)間和精力。為此，許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用對(duì)此有分析數(shù)據(jù)的身體提供實(shí)實(shí)在在的產(chǎn)品樣品。許多案例都包括在本指導(dǎo)文件附件提供如何將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，以確認(rèn)適用性材料的目的例子。

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